Backing up and restoring a MySQL database from the command line

. Shell into your box as root, then:
mysqldump -a -u USERNAME -p DATABASE > FILENAME.mysql

You will be prompted for your database password and then the DATABASE will be dumped to a plain-text file called FILENAME.mysql.
The resulting file, FILENAME.mysql, is a full backup with which you can fully restore your database in case of problems.

Restoring via the command line
1. Drop the database
mysqladmin -u USERNAME -p drop DATABASE

2. Recreate the database
mysqladmin -u USERNAME -p create DATABASE

3. Import the backup data
mysql -u USERNAME -p DATABASE < FILENAME.mysql

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